How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a symptom only of children, however it can affect adults as well. When diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can lead a happier life.
An assessment for ADHD could involve a conversation with the person and family members. The specialist could look through old school records to see if symptoms started in childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that affects work, school, and home life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time to time. A person must exhibit major symptoms in two of these areas and they must be able to significantly impact the way they function in their daily lives to be diagnosed with ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will inquire with the patient about their symptoms, as well as regarding any medical issues or family history. They can also use rating scales to assess a adult's or child's symptoms. These types of questionnaires are typically based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults may be asked to talk with their significant other or someone who knows them well. This is not to question the patient's honesty, but rather to gain insight into their behavior that can't be obtained from a questionnaire. It is also possible to inquire about their childhood behavior and consult the old school records to determine whether the symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will perform a thorough physical examination and run lab tests to rule other conditions out for thyroid issues or head injuries that could cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the patient's medication list. Certain medications for depression high blood pressure, depression and other conditions can interact with stimulants, so the doctor will take these into account when suggesting treatment options. This is why it's essential for adults to consult their primary care providers if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD, the symptoms must appear in at least two different settings (such as school, home and at work) and interfere with functioning. They also must have begun at the age of 12 and the impairment can't be caused by another disorder, like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will use different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists as well as standardized scales of behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask if there are any other psychiatric disorders or physical conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the patient's medical and family history to determine if there are any underlying causes of their problem for example, thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In certain instances an examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or request an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, like mood disorders, learning disabilities personality disorders, and addiction to drugs. People with these disorders often show different symptoms than those without these problems. For instance, boys tend to exhibit hyperactivity symptoms, whereas girls show inattention symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD would like to participate in an experiment in order to try out new treatments. This is an excellent opportunity to further research. However, participants should be aware that the primary goal of these studies is scientific knowledge and not necessarily the guarantee of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you may have ADHD seek out a specialist who is trained to diagnose the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider whether ADHD specialists are covered. You can also ask family doctors or other healthcare professionals for referrals. Word-of mouth recommendations are also a good option.
A doctor will interview the patient -- or their parents, in children's cases -- about symptoms. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, and request information from other people in the patient's life, like spouses and family members. Personal insights can reveal more than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also review any old school records particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of the individual. To be considered diagnosed, symptoms must have existed since childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical exam is also usually done. It is a way to identify any other medical problems that could be the cause of symptoms, like thyroid problems or seizure disorders. The doctor will usually conduct a neurological examination, that checks for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that measure the ability to think and be smart could also be used. A person could be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test attention and memory. This could help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive, or an impulsive. The specialist will then decide on a diagnosis and suggest treatment. Treatment plans typically comprise therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping strategies and change unhelpful thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary doctor or a mental health professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve by taking medication. However, this is not the only method of treating the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of both can be beneficial for children, teens and adults. These therapies aid them in coping and learn to live with their ADHD symptoms. They can include psychoeducation, which is a form of education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can involve family members, teachers and other professionals.
It is essential to find a medical professional or mental health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people who suffer from ADHD for recommendations or a mental healthcare provider you've met. You can also do an internet search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To determine if your child has ADHD to determine the cause, a health professional will inquire about your or your child's symptoms and issues caused by them. They will conduct physical examinations and check for any other health conditions that may trigger similar symptoms. They will go over the medical and family history of your child or you along with school documents and other reports.
Finding out if you have ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily geared towards diagnosing children. Your health care provider will ask you or your child about the signs, and may request others who spend a lot of time with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine, or other antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people who suffer from ADHD have comorbid disorders such as anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. adhd adults diagnosis may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also assist patients to manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial as well. People suffering from ADHD tend eat more fat and sugar, and less fruits and vegetables. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease stress and make individuals feel more in control of their lives.
Another big benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it provides children and adults a clearer understanding of their challenges. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating their demands to peers and teachers however, once a teacher is aware that it's not due to personal issues or to laziness accommodations can be made.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are targeted to the individual's age, speak with family and teachers, read medical files, and check for any comorbidities. If how is adhd diagnosed in adults started before adulthood school records can be helpful for adults.
The expert will also check for any hearing or vision problems with hearing or vision. He or she could also conduct an examination of the blood to determine the presence of certain hormones, and other health conditions that can cause ADHD-like signs and symptoms.